448.1-103.  Definitions. — In the declaration and bylaws of each condominium, unless specifically provided otherwise or the context requires otherwise, and in sections 448.1-101 to 448.4-120:

  (1)  "Affiliate of a declarant" means any person who controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with a declarant.  A person "controls" a declarant if the person (a) is a general partner, officer, director, or employer of the declarant, (b) directly or indirectly, or acting in concert with one or more other persons, or through one or more subsidiaries, owns, controls, holds with power to vote, or holds proxies representing more than twenty percent of the voting interests in the declarant, (c) controls in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of the declarant, or (d) has contributed more than twenty percent of the capital of the declarant.  A person "is controlled by" a declarant if the declarant (a) is a general partner, officer, director, or employer of the person, (b) directly or indirectly, or acting in concert with one or more other persons, or through one or more subsidiaries, owns, controls, holds with power to vote, or holds proxies representing more than twenty percent of the voting interests in the person, (c) controls in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of the person, or (d) has contributed more than twenty percent of the capital of the person.  Control does not exist if the powers described in this subdivision are held solely as security for an obligation and are not exercised;

  (2)  "Allocated interests" means the undivided interest in the common elements, the common expense liability, and votes in the association allocated to each unit;

  (3)  "Association" or "unit owners' association" means the unit owners' association organized under section 448.3-101;

  (4)  "Common elements" means all portions of a condominium other than the units;

  (5)  "Common expenses" means expenditures made by or financial liabilities of the association, together with any allocations to reserves;

  (6)  "Common expense liability" means the liability for common expenses allocated to each unit pursuant to section 448.2-108;

  (7)  "Condominium" means real estate, portions of which are designated for separate ownership and the remainder of which is designated for common ownership solely by the owners of those portions.  Real estate is not a condominium unless the undivided interests in the common elements are vested in the unit owners;

  (8)  "Conversion building" means a building that at any time before creation of the condominium was occupied wholly or partially by persons other than purchasers and persons who occupy with the consent of purchasers;

  (9)  "Declarant" means any person, or group of persons acting in concert, who (a) as part of a common promotional plan, offers to dispose of his or its interest in a unit not previously disposed of, or (b) reserves or succeeds to any  special declarant right;

  (10)  "Declaration" means any instruments, however denominated, which create a condominium, and any amendments to those instruments;

  (11)  "Development rights" means any right, or combination of rights, reserved by a declarant in the declaration to add real estate to a condominium; to create units, common elements, or limited common elements within a condominium; to subdivide units or convert units into common elements; or to withdraw real estate from a condominium;

  (12)  "Disabled" means any person who meets the requirements of subdivision (19) of this section relating to a low or moderate income tenant and is totally and permanently disabled or blind and receiving federal Social Security disability benefits, federal supplemental security income benefits, veterans administration benefits, a state blind pension pursuant to sections 209.010 to 209.160, state aid to blind persons pursuant to section 209.240, or state supplemental payments pursuant to section 208.030;

  (13)  "Dispose" or "disposition" means a voluntary transfer to a purchaser of any legal or equitable interest in a unit, but does not include the transfer or release of a security interest;

  (14)  "Executive board" means the body, regardless of name, designated in the declaration to act on behalf of the association;

  (15)  "Identifying number" means a symbol or address which identifies only one unit in a condominium;

  (16)  "Leasehold condominium" means a condominium in which all or a portion of the real estate is subject to a lease, the expiration or termination of which will terminate the condominium or reduce its size;

  (17)  "Limited common element" means a portion of the common elements allocated by the declaration or by operation of subdivision (2) or (4) of section 448.2-102 for the exclusive use of one or more but fewer than all of the units;

  (18)  "Low or moderate income elderly tenant" means any person who has reached the age of sixty-eight or over and whose annual net income is less than eighty percent of the median income of the area as set forth in regulations promulgated from time to time by the federal department of Housing and Urban Development pursuant to section eight of the housing act of 1937 as amended, and who occupies a conversion building;

  (19)  "Low or moderate income tenant" means any person whose annual net income is less than eighty percent of the median income for the area as set forth in regulations promulgated from time to time by the federal department of Housing and Urban Development pursuant to section eight of the housing act of 1937 as amended, and who occupies a conversion building;

  (20)  "Master association" means an organization described in section 448.2-120, whether or not it is also an association described in section 448.3-101;

  (21)  "Person" means a natural person, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision or agency, or other legal or commercial entity; provided, however, that in the case of a land trust, "person" means the beneficiary of the trust rather than the trust or the trustee;

  (22)  "Plan" means a drawing prepared by a registered architect or engineer which contains the information required by the provisions of subsection 4 of section 448.2-109;

  (23)  "Plat" means a drawing prepared by a registered land surveyor which contains the information required by the provisions of subsection 2 of section 448.2-109;

  (24)  "Purchaser" means any person, other than a declarant or a person in the business of selling real estate for his own account, who by means of a voluntary transfer acquires a legal or equitable interest in a unit, other than (a) a leasehold interest, including renewal options, of less than twenty years, or (b) as security for an obligation;

  (25)  "Real estate" means any leasehold or other estate or interest in, over, or under land, including structures, fixtures, and other improvements and interests which by custom, usage, or law pass with a conveyance of land though not described in the contract of sale or instrument of conveyance.  "Real estate" includes parcels with or without upper or lower boundaries, and spaces which may be filled with air or water;

  (26)  "Residential purposes" means use for dwelling or recreational purposes, or both;

  (27)  "Special declarant rights" means rights reserved for the benefit of a declarant to complete improvements indicated on plats and plans filed with the declaration; to exercise any development right; to maintain sales offices, management offices, signs advertising the condominium, and models; to use easements through the common elements for the purpose of making improvements within the condominium or within real estate which may be added to the condominium; to make the condominium part of a larger condominium or a planned community; to make the condominium subject to a master association; or to appoint or remove any officer of the association or any master association, or any executive board member during any period of declarant control;

  (28)  "Time-share" means a right to occupy a unit or any of several units during five or more separated time periods over a period of at least five years, including renewal options, whether or not coupled with an estate or interest in a condominium or a specified portion thereof;

  (29)  "Unit" means a physical portion of the condominium designated for separate ownership or occupancy, the boundaries of which are described pursuant to subdivision (5) of subsection 1 of section 448.2-105;

  (30)  "Unit owner" means a declarant or other person who owns a unit, or a lessee of a unit in a leasehold condominium whose lease expires simultaneously with any lease the expiration or termination of which will remove the unit from the condominium, but does not include a person having an interest in a unit solely as security for an obligation.