143.761.  Failure to pay estimated income tax. — 1.  In the case of any underpayment of estimated tax by an individual or a corporation, except as provided in subsection 4 of this section, there shall be added to the tax for the taxable year an amount determined at the rate determined by section 32.065 upon the amount of the underpayment (determined under subsection 2 of this section) for the period of the underpayment (determined under subsection 3 of this section).

  2.  For purposes of subsection 1 of this section, the amount of the underpayment shall be the excess of:

  (1)  The amount of the installment which would be required to be paid if the estimated tax were equal to ninety percent in the case of a corporation or of an individual (sixty-six and two-thirds percent in the case of a farmer described in subsection 2 of section 143.531) of the tax shown on the return for the taxable year, or, if no return was filed, of the tax for such year; over

  (2)  The amount, if any, of the installment paid on or before the last date prescribed for such payment.

  3.  The period of the underpayment shall run from the date the installment was required to be paid to whichever of the following dates is the earlier:

  (1)  The fifteenth day of the fourth month following the close of the taxable year; or

  (2)  With respect to any portion of the underpayment, the date on which such portion is paid.  For purposes of this subdivision, a payment of estimated tax on any installment date shall be considered a payment of any previous underpayment only to the extent such payment exceeds the amount of the installment determined under subdivision (1) of subsection 2 of this section for such installment date.

  4.  Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding subsections, the addition to the tax with respect to any underpayment of any installment shall not be imposed if the total amount of all payments of estimated tax made on or before the last date prescribed for the payment of such installment equals or exceeds the amount which would have been required to be paid on or before such date if the estimated tax were whichever of the following is the least:

  (1)  The tax shown on the return of the individual or corporation for the preceding taxable year, if a return showing a liability for tax was filed for the preceding year and such preceding year was a taxable year of twelve months;

  (2)  An amount equal to ninety percent (sixty-six and two-thirds percent in the case of a farmer described in subsection 2 of section 143.531) of the tax of an individual or of a corporation for the taxable year computed by placing on an annualized basis the taxable income for the months in the taxable year ending before the month in which the installment is required to be paid;

  (3)  An amount equal to ninety percent of the tax of an individual or corporation computed, at the rates applicable to the taxable year, on the basis of the actual taxable income for the months in the taxable year ending before the month in which the installment is required to be paid as if such months constituted the taxable year;

  (4)  An amount equal to the tax of an individual or corporation computed, at the rates applicable to the taxable year, on the basis of the taxpayer's status with respect to the Missouri deductions for personal and dependency exemptions for the taxable year, but otherwise on the basis of the facts shown on his return for, and the law applicable to, the preceding taxable year;

  (5)  For corporations, an amount equal to ninety percent of the tax for the taxable year computed by placing on an annualized basis the taxable income:

  (a)  For the first three months of the taxable year, in the case of an installment required to be paid in the fourth month;

  (b)  For the first three months or for the first five months of the taxable year, in the case of the installment required to be paid in the sixth month;

  (c)  For the first six months or for the first eight months of the taxable year, in the case of the installment required to be paid in the ninth month; and

  (d)  For the first nine months or for the first eleven months of the taxable year, in the case of the installment required to be paid in the twelfth month of the taxable year.  For purposes of this subdivision, the taxable income shall be placed on an annualized basis by multiplying by twelve the taxable income referred to and dividing the resulting amount by the number of months in the taxable year (3, 5, 6, 8, 9 or 11, as the case may be).

  5.  For purposes of applying this section:

  (1)  The estimated tax shall be computed without any reduction for the amount which the individual estimates as his credit under section 143.211 for tax withheld; and

  (2)  The amount of the credit allowed under section 143.211 for the taxable year shall be deemed a payment of estimated tax, and an equal part of such amount shall be deemed paid on each installment date for such taxable year, unless the taxpayer establishes the dates on which all amounts were actually withheld, in which case the amounts so withheld shall be deemed payments of estimated tax on the dates on which such amounts were actually withheld.

  6.  Subdivisions (1) and (4) of subsection 4 of this section shall not apply to a large corporation.  "Large corporation" means that the corporation (or any predecessor corporation) in any of the three preceding taxable years had a federal taxable income of at least one million dollars and had a Missouri taxable income of at least one hundred thousand dollars.