143.124.  Annuities, pensions, retirement benefits, or retirement allowances provided by state, United States, political subdivisions or any other state, Keogh plans, annuities from defined pension plans and IRAs, amounts subtracted from Missouri adjusted gross income. — 1.  Other provisions of law to the contrary notwithstanding, for tax years ending on or before December 31, 2006, the total amount of all annuities, pensions, or retirement allowances above the amount of six thousand dollars annually provided by any law of this state, the United States, or any other state to any person except as provided in subsection 4 of this section, shall be subject to tax pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, in the same manner, to the same extent and under the same conditions as any other taxable income received by the person receiving it.  For purposes of this section, "annuity, pension, retirement benefit, or retirement allowance" shall be defined as an annuity, pension or retirement allowance provided by the United States, this state, any other state or any political subdivision or agency or institution of this or any other state.  For all tax years beginning on or after January 1, 1998, for purposes of this section, annuity, pension or retirement allowance shall be defined to include 401(k) plans, deferred compensation plans, self-employed retirement plans, also known as Keogh plans, annuities from a defined pension plan and individual retirement arrangements, also known as IRAs, as described in the Internal Revenue Code, but not including Roth IRAs, as well as an annuity, pension or retirement allowance provided by the United States, this state, any other state or any political subdivision or agency or institution of this or any other state.  An individual taxpayer shall only be allowed a maximum deduction equal to the amounts provided under this section for each taxpayer on the combined return.

  2.  For the period beginning July 1, 1989, and ending December 31, 1989, there shall be subtracted from Missouri adjusted gross income for that period, determined pursuant to section 143.121, the first three thousand dollars of retirement benefits received by each taxpayer:

  (1)  If the taxpayer's filing status is single, head of household or qualifying widow(er) and the taxpayer's Missouri adjusted gross income is less than twelve thousand five hundred dollars; or

  (2)  If the taxpayer's filing status is married filing combined and their combined Missouri adjusted gross income is less than sixteen thousand dollars; or

  (3)  If the taxpayer's filing status is married filing separately and the taxpayer's Missouri adjusted gross income is less than eight thousand dollars.

  3.  For the tax years beginning on or after January 1, 1990, but ending on or before December 31, 2006, there shall be subtracted from Missouri adjusted gross income, determined pursuant to section 143.121, a maximum of the first six thousand dollars of retirement benefits received by each taxpayer from sources other than privately funded sources, and for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 1998, there shall be subtracted from Missouri adjusted gross income, determined pursuant to section 143.121, a maximum of the first one thousand dollars of any retirement allowance received from any privately funded source for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 1998, but before January 1, 1999, and a maximum of the first three thousand dollars of any retirement allowance received from any privately funded source for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 1999, but before January 1, 2000, and a maximum of the first four thousand dollars of any retirement allowance received from any privately funded source for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2000, but before January 1, 2001, and a maximum of the first five thousand dollars of any retirement allowance received from any privately funded source for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2001, but before January 1, 2002, and a maximum of the first six thousand dollars of any retirement allowance received from any privately funded sources for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2002.  A taxpayer shall be entitled to the maximum exemption provided by this subsection:

  (1)  If the taxpayer's filing status is single, head of household or qualifying widow(er) and the taxpayer's Missouri adjusted gross income is less than twenty-five thousand dollars; or

  (2)  If the taxpayer's filing status is married filing combined and their combined Missouri adjusted gross income is less than thirty-two thousand dollars; or

  (3)  If the taxpayer's filing status is married filing separately and the taxpayer's Missouri adjusted gross income is less than sixteen thousand dollars.

  4.  If a taxpayer's adjusted gross income exceeds the adjusted gross income ceiling for such taxpayer's filing status, as provided in subdivisions (1), (2) and (3) of subsection 3 of this section, such taxpayer shall be entitled to an exemption equal to the greater of zero or the maximum exemption provided in subsection 3 of this section reduced by one dollar for every dollar such taxpayer's income exceeds the ceiling for his or her filing status.

  5.  For purposes of this subsection, the term "maximum Social Security benefit available" shall mean thirty-two thousand five hundred dollars for the tax year beginning on or after January 1, 2007, and for each subsequent tax year such amount shall be increased by the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, or its successor index, as such index is defined and officially reported by the United States Department of Labor, or its successor agency.  For the tax year beginning on or after January 1, 2007, but ending on or before December 31, 2007, there shall be subtracted from Missouri adjusted gross income, determined pursuant to section 143.121, a maximum of an amount equal to the greater of:  six thousand dollars in retirement benefits received from sources other than privately funded sources, to the extent such benefits are included in the taxpayer's federal adjusted gross income; or twenty percent of the retirement benefits received from sources other than privately funded sources in the tax year, but not to exceed the maximum Social Security benefit available for such tax year.  For the tax year beginning on or after January 1, 2008, but ending on or before December 31, 2008, there shall be subtracted from Missouri adjusted gross income, determined pursuant to section 143.121, a maximum of an amount equal to the greater of:  six thousand dollars in retirement benefits received from sources other than privately funded sources, to the extent such benefits are included in the taxpayer's federal adjusted gross income; or thirty-five percent of the retirement benefits received from sources other than privately funded sources in the tax year, but not to exceed the maximum Social Security benefit available for such tax year.  For the tax year beginning on or after January 1, 2009, but ending on or before December 31, 2009, there shall be subtracted from Missouri adjusted gross income, determined pursuant to section 143.121, a maximum of an amount equal to the greater of:  six thousand dollars in retirement benefits received from sources other than privately funded sources, to the extent such benefits are included in the taxpayer's federal adjusted gross income; or fifty percent of the retirement benefits received from sources other than privately funded sources in the tax year, but not to exceed the maximum Social Security benefit available for such tax year.  For the tax year beginning on or after January 1, 2010, but ending on or before December 31, 2010, there shall be subtracted from Missouri adjusted gross income, determined pursuant to section 143.121, a maximum of an amount equal to the greater of:  six thousand dollars in retirement benefits received from sources other than privately funded sources, to the extent such benefits are included in the taxpayer's federal adjusted gross income; or sixty-five percent of the retirement benefits received from sources other than privately funded sources in the tax year, but not to exceed the maximum Social Security benefit available for such tax year.  For the tax year beginning on or after January 1, 2011, but ending on or before December 31, 2011, there shall be subtracted from Missouri adjusted gross income, determined pursuant to section 143.121, a maximum of an amount equal to the greater of:  six thousand dollars in retirement benefits received from sources other than privately funded sources, to the extent such benefits are included in the taxpayer's federal adjusted gross income; or eighty percent of the retirement benefits received from sources other than privately funded sources in the tax year, but not to exceed the maximum Social Security benefit available for such tax year.  For all tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2012, there shall be subtracted from Missouri adjusted gross income, determined pursuant to section 143.121, a maximum of an amount equal to one hundred percent of the retirement benefits received from sources other than privately funded sources in the tax year, but not to exceed the maximum Social Security benefit available for such tax year.  For all tax years beginning on or before December 31, 2023, a taxpayer shall be entitled to the maximum exemption provided by this subsection:

  (1)  If the taxpayer's filing status is married filing combined, and their combined Missouri adjusted gross income is equal to or less than one hundred thousand dollars; or

  (2)  If the taxpayer's filing status is single, head of household, qualifying widow(er), or married filing separately, and the taxpayer's Missouri adjusted gross income is equal to or less than eighty-five thousand dollars.

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For all tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2024, a taxpayer shall be entitled to the maximum exemption provided by this subsection regardless of the taxpayer's filing status or the amount of the taxpayer's Missouri adjusted gross income.

  6.  For all tax years beginning on or before December 31, 2023, if a taxpayer's adjusted gross income exceeds the adjusted gross income ceiling for such taxpayer's filing status, as provided in subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection 5 of this section, such taxpayer shall be entitled to an exemption, less any applicable reduction provided under subsection 7 of this section, equal to the greater of zero or the maximum exemption provided in subsection 5 of this section reduced by one dollar for every dollar such taxpayer's income exceeds the ceiling for his or her filing status.

  7.  For purposes of calculating the subtraction provided in subsection 5 of this section, such subtraction shall be decreased by an amount equal to any Social Security benefit exemption provided under section 143.125.

  8.  For purposes of this section, any Social Security benefits otherwise included in Missouri adjusted gross income shall be subtracted; but Social Security benefits shall not be subtracted for purposes of other computations pursuant to this chapter, and are not to be considered as retirement benefits for purposes of this section.

  9.  The provisions of subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection 3 of this section shall apply during all tax years in which the federal Internal Revenue Code provides exemption levels for calculation of the taxability of Social Security benefits that are the same as the levels in subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection 3 of this section.  If the exemption levels for the calculation of the taxability of Social Security benefits are adjusted by applicable federal law or regulation, the exemption levels in subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection 3 of this section shall be accordingly adjusted to the same exemption levels.

  10.  The portion of a taxpayer's lump sum distribution from an annuity or other retirement plan not otherwise included in Missouri adjusted gross income as calculated pursuant to this chapter but subject to taxation under Internal Revenue Code Section 402 shall be taxed in an amount equal to ten percent of the taxpayer's federal liability on such distribution for the same tax year.

  11.  For purposes of this section, retirement benefits received shall not include any withdrawals from qualified retirement plans which are subsequently rolled over into another retirement plan.

  12.  The exemptions provided for in this section shall not affect the calculation of the income to be used to determine the property tax credit provided in sections 135.010 to 135.035.

  13.  The exemptions provided for in this section shall apply to any annuity, pension, or retirement allowance as defined in subsection 1 of this section to the extent that such amounts are included in the taxpayer's federal adjusted gross income and not otherwise deducted from the taxpayer's federal adjusted gross income in the calculation of Missouri taxable income.  This subsection shall not apply to any individual who qualifies under federal guidelines to be one hundred percent disabled.